Year 13 Unit 4 Pre-release, 2012

The pre-release EXPLORE and FOCUS themes are now available on the Edexcel website. Remember, the explore idea is about the theme that you should now focus on and the research is more about the examples and case studies that you need to find.

Click the heading to be taken there, although this the information relevant to us......


OPTION 2: Cold Environments – Landscapes and Change
• Explore the processes which shaped the landscape during the Pleistocene within a
region such as the British Isles.
• Research the wide variety of landscapes and landforms created at differing scales by
glacial and periglacial processes within a chosen region.

OPTION 3: Life on the Margins – the Food Supply Problem
• Explore the need for, and effectiveness of, different strategies that are designed to
improve food security.
• Research a range of food security strategies, including ‘sustainable’ ones, at differing
scales and locations.


OPTION 5: Pollution and Human Health at Risk
• Explore the relative health risks from incidental and sustained pollution, and how and
why these vary both spatially and over time.
• Research locations at varying scales and levels of development, that have experienced
or are experiencing health risks from different types of pollution

A great website about Food Security

All Year 13's studying Life on the Margins (unit 4) should make sure that they look at and bookmark The Guardian's section on Food Security - an absolutely fantastic site with lots of very recent stories.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/food-security

Life on the margins - Year 13

Click on the title to be taken to a useful website showing food insecurity and famine. It's called Famine Early Warning System (www.fews.net) and they are currently predicting some major famines in the Horn of Africa (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia)


The site lists lots of countries, in different continents and presents case studies and maps showing food insecurity issues. It explains some of the causes of the problems in each of those countries.


I would say that this website is pretty much essential for all of you studying Life on the Margins.

This is a map, taken from the website, showing the current situation in Ethiopia. There are maps for a huge number of countries and not only do they show the information like this they also have pages which tell you WHO is being affected and WHAT the underlying CAUSES are.
Click here for the underlying causes of food insecurity in Ethiopia (just one of many case studies available on the site)










The website deals with countries from all over the world - Here is a link to how a tropical storm threatened food security in Central America in October - a recent report published on the 3rd of November 2011. It is well detailed and looks at the crops damaged and numbers of people affected

Useful website for Life on the Margins (Unit 4, Year 13)

World Disasters Report 2011- Focus on hunger and malnutrition



This year’s World Disasters Report focuses on the growing crisis of hunger and malnutrition. Smallholder farmers who produce half the world’s food are among the almost 1 billion people who go to bed hungry every night. Millions of children suffer the irreversible effects of undernutrition. Increasing food insecurity weakens people’s resilience to disasters and disease, and people everywhere are experiencing the increasing volatility of food prices.


“ Hunger and malnutrition are the worst enemies of humankind. They deny to children – even at birth – an opportunity for the full expression of their innate genetic potential for physical and mental development. Freedom from hunger is the first requisite for sustainable human security. This will depend upon the productivity, profitability and sustainability of agriculture, as this edition of the World Disasters Report points out. Therefore, if food and nutrition policies go wrong, nothing else will have a chance to go right."



– M. S. Swaminathan, an Indian MP

Click on the titleto be taken to the website where you can find the report

Food security in the news - again

The famine in Somalia and East Africa has been in the news and situation looks pretty dire. If you're in Year 13 and studying "Life on the margins" for unit 4 then you need to keep up to date with what is happening - there's plenty of information out there. What you may not be aware of is Oxfam's "GROW" campaign. Click on the title to be taken to their website where they explain the cause of hunger around the world and you can sign up to do your bit to help as well

Rising food prices affects the poor- useful for Year 13, Unit 4

A report in June 2011 showed that the poor of the world are being affected much more seriously by rising food costs than any other group. Women appear to be harder hit then men as well.

The report says the world is being divided into "losers" and "winners":
"The losers – those already struggling in low-paid, informal sector occupations such as petty trading, street vending, casual construction work, sex work, laundry, portering and transport – are clearly worse off than last year."

Click on the title for further information and look at the links on that webpage for more about food price increases and the effects on people

Click on the photo to be taken to a graph and data about the rising costs of food around the world.

Year 13 - LIfe on the margins (unit 4)

The Foresight group published a report today about food and farming. It may well be looking at bits of it (the executive summary is a sensible starting point). If there's some useful bits in there (maybe a simple quote to add to your exam answer?) it will look good to the examiner as it so current.

Foresight Report (published 24th Jan 2011)

Guardian article on the Foresight report

Telegraph article about the report and warning of food price rises/GM crops

Unit 4 Life on the Margins (Year 13)

Hopefully you have all been busy working on unit 4, researching and preparing yourselves for the exam. This post is really just to give you some things to think about.

Possible questions they could ask in the exam?

Maybe something along these lines....

1) "Strategies to improve food security have benefits as well as costs". Discuss.

2) Explain why strategies used to increase food production have costs as well as benefits.
3) Evaluate the costs and benefits of strategies to increase food production in order to improve food security.
4) To what extent can food production be increased without any costs?
5) Explain why strategies to increased food production have varied success in improving food security
6) Evaluate the success of a range of strategies designed to increase food production.
7) Assess the impact of strategies to increase food production to improve food security at a range of scales.



Research
Here are some things you may wish to consider (and maybe research further)

Land-grabs article from Guardian (with lots of links to other relevant stories)

Does US Food security strategies go far enough?

When looking at different scales, you should be thinking about strategies to sort food supply/security that are for small areas/villages (small scale/local - maybe something from a NGO like FarmAfrica) to those which are designed to help entire countries (Green Revolution - impacts on places like Thailand, Indonesia, India, Philippines, Mexico or the Cuban Organic farmning example that is linked to later on in this post) and maybe some strategies that could be used on a larger scale/global (such as GM crops)

7 minute video on Cuban Organopnicos
Article on how Cuba have tried to become self sufficient using organic farming

The costs of increasing food supply/security?

Soil erosion/degredation
An article about how use of chemicals on the land in Punjab (India) in order to increase food security has led to soil degradation

You could also look at the effects of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the environment in Europe. The CAP was set up after WWII in order to ensure Europe never experienced food shortages again (ie improve food security) but many felt that it had a negative impact (economically, socially and environmentally).

Year 13 Unit 4 pre-release information

Pre-release explore and research information is now available.

To help with the exploration of food production/food security, you may find these links useful:

Feeding Africa article from Dec 2010

Farm Africa website

A rather long document on the Green Revolution in Africa

More about the Green Revolution

Food security in LEDCs

Policies to reduce food insecurity (from UN)

World Food Programme - Purchase for Progress plan (useful case studies)

Are GM crops the solution to food issues in Africa (news story from 7th dec 2010)

Africa can feed itself within a generation (news story from 2nd dec 2010)

The Guardian Food section (useful, up to date information)

Vertical Farming in Urban areas

Trying to achieve food security in Australia (news report from Weds 8th Dec 2010)

FAO - hunger around the world

Don't forget to look at Geofile:
series 25, Issue 3 "Globalisation of food production" (April 2007)
series 27, Issue 2 "Global food production" (Jan 2009)
series 29, Issue 1 "Geopolitics of food" (Sept 2010)
series 29, Issue 2 "Feast or Famine - feeding the worlds people" (Jan 2011 - for some reason it os available now)
All useful but also useful is to look at the bibliographies and see if it can lead you towards further information


A quote for you (dated Tuesday 7th Dec 2010, from the Guardian)

It is great that new research from Harvard University is challenging pessimistic views of Africa as a continent unable to feed itself (Africa can feed itself in a generation, says author, if leaders take up cause, 3 December). However, the expensive and failing technology GM should have no role to play in this – not even selectively. UN research has shown that the adoption of organic and near-organic farming practices in Africa has improved yields by 116%, improved access to food for both farmers and local communities, and raised incomes. The role of agro-ecological farming methods in developing food security was strongly supported in the recent International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development report, written by 400 scientists and approved by 60 countries.

Isobel Tomlinson
Policy and campaigns officer, Soil Association

Year 13 Human Geographers - Unit 4 (Life on the Margins)

The dates for you to hand in summaries of each Enquiry Question are laid out below. The idea is that you use all your research to sum up the over EQ in a side or two of A4. The point of the summary is so that your teacher can check that you are on the right track in terms of content and understanding. It is not designed as a way of practicing writing in exams - we'll cover this later. Remember that each EQ is made up of smaller questions (parts A, B, C and D and these should be used to help you return to the original overal EQ and write your answer) One of the skills needed is the ability to use the research and pick out what is important - so a short summary is better than something that goes on for 4 pages. You must learn to be selective with the research and information you have used. Don't worry too much about sourcing/referencing at the moment, though you can add these in if you wish. It would be useful to add a bibliogrphy for the summary.

Friday 12th November - hand in summary of EQ1
Tuesday 23rd November - hand in summary of EQ2
Friday 3rd December - hand in summary of EQ3
Thursday 9th December - the date of the pre-release materials (make sure you have got a copy)
Tuesday 14th December - hand in summary of EQ4
Tuesday 1st February 2011 - date of the exam!

Hand this work in by the date shown, preferably typed and sent to staff email addresses
ks.haba@ksn.org.uk (Mr Bains)
ks.refo@ksn.org.uk (Ms Ford)
ks.pesp@ksn.org.uk (Mrs Spooner)
ks.gipa@ksn.org.uk (Mrs Palmer)

We will be practicing and going over things like how to approach the methodology, introduction, essay/report plans and so on in the lead up to the pre-release material being made available. After the Christmas holidays we will start practicing actual Unit 4 exam questions.
Make sure you ask about anything you are unsure of - either in lessons or by email.

And finally, make sure you have looked at the shared area where there are LOADS of useful hints and tips sheets and presentstions. In particular, have a look at the powerpoints produced by Edexcel (our exam board!) as they give you lots of good ideas and information.

Good luck!

Click on the picture to be taken to Amazon.co.uk where you can buy the student guide for Unit 4 for £6.99

More useful sites to visit (in fact these are ESSENTIAL sites to look at):
http://www.wfp.org/hunger/map

http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/

Make sure you explore these sites fully. The bottom one has links to information about food insecurity, the location and prevelance of hunger, the people who are affected and so on.

Qatar attempt to solve food security problems

Click on the title to watch a 4 minute BBC video report on attempts to sort out the issue of food security in the Middle Eastern country of Qatar.

With a rapidly-growing population and more than 90% of its food needs met through imports, the island state of Qatar has begun investing heavily in improving its food security. While working to improve and maintain relationships with its providers, Qatar is also setting several challenges for its own agricultural industry to help address the imbalance.

United Nations calls for united front against hunger on World Food Day

With nearly one billion people still suffering from food shortages around the globe, the world must take a united stand against hunger, the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said.

World Food Day is celebrated every year around the world on October the 16th  in honour of the date of the founding of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in 1945.


The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving the proportion of hungry people in the world is a pillar for achieving all eight of the globally-agreed targets with a 2015 deadline, Ban said.
"When people are hungry, they cannot break the crippling chains of poverty, and are vulnerable to infectious diseases," the secretary-general said. "When children are hungry, they cannot grow, learn and develop."
This year alone, Ban said, millions have been pushed into hunger by the earthquake in Haiti, the drought in the Sahel and floods in Pakistan, while the twin food and financial crises continue to affect the world's most vulnerable.
He highlighted the need for global cooperation -- bringing together governments, intergovernmental organizations, regional and sub-regional bodies, business and civil society groups -- to combat hunger.
"Increasingly, their approach is comprehensive," Ban said, covering all aspects of food security, ranging from small farms to feeding schoolchildren.

For more information follow the links below:

Some progress made and some suggestions for the future - including an audio report on the issue

Hunger in Focus: India's Hungry Women and Children Remain a Major Problem

Report Says Hunger Costing Poor Countries Billions

UN Says Global Hunger Remains 'Unacceptably High'

Google news search results about hunger on world Food Day 2010 (search dated Oct 16th)

Ban Ki-Moon speech on World Food Day 2008

Africa's Food Crisis

Tens of millions of people across more than half the states in sub-Saharan Africa need urgent food aid, but the causes are often complex and varied.

Food crises were once primarily triggered by natural disasters like droughts. But according to research by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, man-made causes are increasingly to blame. These include conflict and poor governance, as well as HIV/Aids. Rural poverty, international trade barriers, overpopulation, deforestation, poor use of land and environmental problems can also be factors.

Find out more about Africa's food crisis now